The dawn of 21st century opened unprecedented opportunities for growth and development, but it also brought with it the threats of economic and political disorder and instability. The world economy is growing at a rapid pace. Consequently, the demand for energy and industrial raw materials is rising rapidly, especially among fast growing economies. This in turn means a huge increase in trade and continuous growth in international commerce in maritime domain, thus providing a range of new opportunities and challenges. On the other hand, rapid development and lack of implementation of regimes are causing climate change, depletion of natural resources and environmental damage. The exponential growth in population further strains oil reserves, mineral deposits and resources that support human life. Political arena of the world has undergone a paradigm shift since 9/11, and in the current scenario, maritime environment and commerce are facing new threats from terrorist networks and piracy, as the maritime domain provide them wide range of opportunities to disrupt the global trade.

In today’s world the oceans have increased importance as more than 80 percent of the world trade is by sea; it forges a global maritime link. Thus, maritime security has become a matter of serious concern which requires a fresh look for preserving the freedom of seas and its resources.

Although, there is plethora of conventions, regimes and multilateral instruments on trade, security, sea exploration, over-fishing and environmental issues, these are not totally effective in enforcing barriers to illegal trade, environmental disorder and security threats. So there is a need for rationalization of international regulations and mechanisms to undertake effective measures against maritime threats. As the world’s national economies are becoming more closely integrated, it is imperative that nations coordinate and collectively integrate their security activities to secure the maritime domain.